Growing and Maintaining Your Fig (Ficus Carica)

The common fig (Ficus carica) is a small tree native to southwest Asia but widely planted in North America.  This edible fig is widely grown for its fruit and is commercially grown in the U.S. in California, Oregon, Texas, and Washington. The fig has been around since the dawn of civilization and was one of the first plants ever to be cultivated by humans. Fossilized figs dating to B.C. 9400-9200 were found in an early Neolithic village in the Jordan Valley. Archaeology expert Kris Hirst says figs were domesticated five thousand years earlier than millet or wheat. Taxonomy of the Common Fig Scientific name: Ficus caricaPronunciation: FIE-cussCommon name(s): Common fig. The name is very similar in French (figue), German (feige), Italian, and Portuguese (figo)Family: Moraceae or MulberryUSDA hardiness zones: 7b through 11Origin: Native to Western Asia but distributed by man throughout the Mediterranean regionUses: Garden specimen, fruit tree, seed oil, latex North American Timeline and Spread There are no native temperate figs in the U.S. Members of the fig family are located in tropical forests of the extreme southern portion of North America. The first documented fig tree brought to the New World was planted in Mexico in 1560. Figs were then introduced into California in 1769. Many varieties have since been imported from Europe and into the U.S. The common fig reached Virginia and the eastern United States in 1669 and adapted well. From Virginia, fig planting and cultivation spread to the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. Botanical Description The fig trees deciduous leaves are palmate, deeply divided into three to seven main lobes, and irregularly toothed on the margins. The blade is up to 10 inches in length and width, fairly thick, rough on the upper surface, and softly hairy on the underside. The flowers are small and inconspicuous. The branches of the fig tree droop as the tree grows, and will require pruning for clearance and weight reduction. Fig trees are susceptible to breakage, either at the crotch due to poor collar formation, or the wood itself is  weak and tends to break. Propagation Fig trees have been raised from seed, even seeds extracted from commercially dried fruits. Ground or air-layering can be done satisfactorily, but the tree is most commonly propagated by cuttings of mature wood two to three years of age, one-half to three-quarters inches thick and eight to 12 inches long. Planting must be done within 24 hours. The upper, slant cut end of the cutting should be treated with a sealant to protect it from disease, and the lower, flat end with a root-promoting hormone. Common Varieties Celeste: A pear-shaped fruit with a short neck and slender stalk. The fruit is small to medium and the skin is purplish-brown.Brown Turkey: Broad-pyriform, usually without a neck. The fruit is medium to large and copper-colored. The main crop, beginning in mid-July, is large.Brunswick: Fruits of the main crop are oblique-turbinate, mostly without a neck. The fruit is of medium size and appears bronze or purple-brown.Marseilles: Fruits of the main crop are round to oblate without a neck and grow on slender stalks. Figs in the Landscape Southern Living magazine says that, in addition to being a delicious fruit, figs make beautiful trees in the Middle, Lower, Coastal, and Tropical South. Figs are versatile and easy to grow. They grow the perfect fruit, they love the heat, and the insects just seem to ignore them. You will have to share your tree with birds that flock in for a meal and partake of the fruits of your labor. This tree is a birders dream but a fruit pickers nightmare. Netting may be used to discourage fruit damage. Protection From Cold Figs cant stand temperatures that consistently fall below 0 degrees F. Still, you can actually get away with growing figs in colder climates if planted against a south-facing wall to benefit from the radiant heat. Figs also grow well and look great when espaliered against a wall. When temperatures dip below 15 degrees, mulch or cover trees with fabric. Protect the roots of container-growing figs by moving them indoors or transplant them to a frost-free area when temperatures fall below 20 degrees F. Avid fig growers in cold climates actually dig up the root ball, lay the tree in a mulching ditch, and cover with their preferred compost or mulch. The Extraordinary Fruit What is commonly accepted as a figs fruit is technically a syconium with a fleshy, hollow receptacle with a small opening at the apex partly closed by small scales. This syconium may be obovoid, turbinate, or pear-shaped, one to four inches long, and varies in color from yellowish-green to copper, bronze, or dark purple. Tiny flowers are massed on the inside wall. In the case of the common fig, the flowers are all female and need no pollination. Fig Growing Tips Figs require full sun all day to produce edible fruit. Fig trees will shade out anything growing beneath the canopy so nothing needs to be planted under the tree. Fig roots are abundant, traveling far beyond the tree canopy and will invade garden beds. Fig trees are productive with or without heavy pruning. It is essential only during the initial years. Trees should be trained with a low crown for fig collection and to avoid trunk-breaking limb weight. Since the crop is borne on terminals of previous years wood, once the tree form is established, avoid heavy winter pruning, which causes loss of the following years crop. It is better to prune immediately after the main crop is harvested. With late-ripening cultivars, summer prune half the branches and prune the remainder the following summer. Regular fertilizing of figs is usually necessary only for potted trees or when they are grown on sandy soils. Excess nitrogen encourages foliage growth at the expense of fruit production. Any fruit that is produced often ripens improperly. Fertilize a fig tree if the branches grew less than a foot the previous year. Apply a total of a half-inch to a one-inch pound of actual nitrogen, divided into three or four applications beginning in late winter or early spring and ending in July. Fig trees are prone to attack by nematodes, but weve not found them a problem. Still, a heavy mulch will discourage many insects with the  proper application of nematicides. A common and widespread problem is leaf rust caused by Cerotelium fici. The disease brings about premature leaf fall and reduces fruit yields. It is most prevalent during rainy seasons. Leaf spot results from infection by Cylindrocladium scoparium or Cercospora fici. Fig mosaic is caused by a virus and is incurable. Affected trees must be destroyed. Source Marty, Edwin. Growing Figs. Southern Living, August 2004.

Confucianism Research Paper - 1491 Words

Confucianism Research Project Confucianism has easily been influential in the development of the Chinese state through history. In fact, the core ideals of Confucianism have evolved. Despite the harsh repression of Confucianism by Marxist revolutionaries during the second half of the twentieth century, Confucian values continues to be influential in Chinese society and recently, Confucian political philosophy has resurfaced again. In addition, the political ideas and social ethics of Confucianism can provide the basis for a new, functional form of government in China. Confucianism can be a viable political philosophy for China in the twenty first century because many intellectuals have turned to Confucianism to make sense of such social†¦show more content†¦(Adler 5)† In fact, politicized Confucianism was used to support conservative agendas, such as absolute obedience of elders and strict subjugation of women to men, during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Furthermore, th e Marxist revolutionary government of Communist China dealt with Confucianism negatively. â€Å"In the early 20th century, both before and after the fall of the Qing dynasty, Confucianism was harshly criticized by the New Culture Movement. (Adler 6)† The assumption of this movement was that â€Å"virtually everything about China’s traditional culture was holding it back from becoming a modern nation-state.† In fact, Confucianism was high on the list of culprits in this â€Å"blanket rejection† of traditional China. â€Å"The New Culture Movement criticized Confucianism for its age and gender-based hierarchies, which had become quite rigid during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Communist thinkers also joined this anti-Confucian trend, so by the time of the Communist victory in 1949 Confucianism in mainland China seemed virtually dead. (Adler 7)† â€Å"After the Communists took power their anti-Confucian rhetoric only increased. In addition to their pr ofessed opposition to social hierarchies, they viewed Confucianism as a feudal ideology. (Adler 8)† â€Å"Daniel Bell’s proposal is in response to Jiang Qings recentShow MoreRelatedRelationship between Daoism Confucianism864 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Ethan Martinez Rel1300 Dr. Benjamin Murphy October 21, 2013 Relationship Between Daoism Confucianism History has shown us, that Daoism and Confucianism have many things in common as well as many differences, let me start with what is Daoism and Confucianism. Daoism is also known as Taoism, is a religious tradition originated from China in the 550 B.C.E, it was founded by Lao Tzu, a great philosopher and the author of the â€Å"Dao De Jing† .The â€Å"Dao De Jing† or â€Å"Tao Te Ching† is a Chinese textRead MoreExposing The Weakness Of Confucianism1604 Words   |  7 Pages Exposing the Weakness in Confucianism Confucianism, often mistaken as a religion, is a philosophical system that helped shaped society during Ancient China from 551-479 B.C. A Chinese philosopher named Confucius developed the idea in hopes of eliminating China’s problem of disorder in society. The ideology of Confucianism helped Ancient China build a foundation to establish institution and social order. Confucius intent was to create social harmony in society, and in order achieve social harmony;Read MoreBuddhism in Ancient Korea: The Impact1586 Words   |  6 Pagesmany centuries. 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For instance, many countries, especially China, would paint idealistic paintings with artistic ideas and designs rooted in their paintings. Korea was like that too, butRead MoreThe Mencius-Xunzi Debate in Early Confucian Ethnics Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION Confucianism is regarded as one of the primary religions that have profoundly influenced Chinese beliefs and ideologies. While Kongzi, or Confucius, is the founder of Confucianism, he is not the only philosopher who has contributed to such a significant impact on China. Similarly, the Analects of Confucius is not the single text that represents Confucianism. In fact, during different time periods throughout the history, there are a number of eminent representatives of Confucian thoughtsRead MoreEffects Of Chinese Culture On Pain Perception, Responses And Management1671 Words   |  7 Pagesisn t only a physical experience; it also has an emotional component that may trigger behaviors that play an important role in how a patient s pain is perceived by others (Yvonne, 2009)†. Pain can create a great impact on person’s life. In this paper, I will focus on the effects of Chinese culture on pain perception, responses, and management as well as how their ethnic differences an d ethnic background helps them to tolerate pain. Nature of pain in Chinese Culture According to Mcburney (2012)Read MoreConfucianism in Chinese and Japanese Accounting Systems2639 Words   |  11 PagesTable of Contents Introduction 2 The definition of Confucianism 2 Implications of Confucianism for East Asian accounting 4 The reform of Chinese accounting 5 The influence of Confucianism in Chinese accounting 7 1.) The Government 7 2.) Accounting Ethics 7 3.) Conservatism 8 Japanese Accounting and Confucianism 8 Conclusion 11 References 13 â€Æ' Introduction In order to understand the present day accounting methods and principles of China and Japan it is essential to understand the history of bothRead MoreEssay on Sexism and the Contribution of Confucianism to China2191 Words   |  9 Pagesmanifested through belief of Confucianism and aids the identification of the controversial need to identify gender roles and the Chinese perspective of womens rights in modern China. II. Identification of Gender Roles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     A. Taboo      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.Assignment of a Functional Role   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.Allocation of Roles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   B. Why a Woman Cant Be More Like a Man?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1. Vive la Diffà ©rence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     III. The Contribution of Confucianism to the Idea of Sexism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Read MoreMrs. Cannon s 2nd Grade Class Narrative1157 Words   |  5 Pagesembarrassed. Mrs. Cannon then gives the students another assignment to pick one form of communication, decide if it’s from past or present, write a description about it and draw a picture. John seems confused and I noticed him copying another student’s paper. When the students are at recess Mrs. Cannon says, â€Å"I just don’t understand. I modeled the handwriting and gave them an explanation of each word. 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Stefan’s Diaries Origins Chapter 25 Free Essays

Excitement coursed through my veins as I stole out of the house, across the dew-dropped lawn, and toward the carriage house. I slid past Emily, who held the door open for me, and bounded up the stairs. I no longer needed the candle to find my way to Katherine. We will write a custom essay sample on Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 25 or any similar topic only for you Order Now There, in the bedroom, she was wearing her simple cotton nightdress and absentmindedly swinging a crystal necklace that sparkled in the moonlight. â€Å"I think Father may be persuaded to call off the siege. At least he’s willing to talk. I know I’ll be able to change his mind,† I exclaimed, twirling her around the room. I expected her to clap with glee, for her smile to mirror my own. But instead Katherine disengaged herself from my grip and placed the crystal on her nightstand. â€Å"I knew you were the man for the job,† she said, not looking at me. â€Å"Better than Damon?† I asked, unable to resist. Finally Katherine smiled. â€Å"Y need to stop ou comparing yourself to Damon.† She stepped closer to me and grazed my cheek with her lips. I shivered with pleasure as Katherine pulled my body toward hers. I held her tightly, feeling her back through the thin cotton of her nightdress. She kissed my lips, then my jaw, running her lips, feather light, down the curve of my neck. I moaned and pulled her even closer, needing to feel all of her against all of me. Then she plunged her teeth into my neck. I let out a strangled gasp of pain and ecstasy as I felt her teeth inside my skin, felt her draw blood from me. It felt as though a thousand knives were piercing my neck. Still I held her more tightly, wanting to feel her mouth on my skin, wanting to fully submit myself to the pain that fed her. Just as suddenly as she bit me, Katherine broke away, her dark eyes on fire, agony etched on her face. A small stream of blood trickled from the corner of her lip, and her mouth twisted in excruciating pain. â€Å"Vervain,† she gasped, stepping backward until she collapsed on the bed in pain. â€Å"What have you done?† â€Å"Katherine!† I put my hands to her chest, my lips to her mouth, trying desperately to heal her the way she had healed me back in the forest. But she pushed me away, writhing on the bed, clutching her hands to her mouth. It was as if she were being tortured by an unseen hand. Tears of agony spilled from her eyes. â€Å"Why did you do this?† Katherine clutched her throat and closed her eyes, her breath slowing into guttural gasps. Every anguished cry from Katherine felt like a small stake in my own heart. â€Å"I didn’t! Father!† I shouted as the dizzying events of that evening occurred to me. My brandy. Father. He knew . There was a clatter from downstairs, and then Father burst in. â€Å"Vampire!† he roared, holding up a crudely made stake. Katherine writhed on the floor in pain, shrieking in a high-pitched tone I’d never heard before. â€Å"Father!† I shouted, holding my hands up as he used his boot to prod Katherine. She moaned, her arms and legs kicking in opposite directions. â€Å"Katherine!† I fell to my knees and held Katherine’s body close in my arms. She shrieked, her eyes rolling back so all I could see was white. Foam appeared at the corner of her blood-caked lips, as though she were a rabid animal. I gaped in horror and let go, her body falling to the floor with a sickening thud. I inched back, sitting on my heels and gazing at the ceiling as if in prayer. I couldn’t face Katherine, and I couldn’t face Father. Katherine let out another high-pitched wail as Father prodded her with his stake. She reared up –foaming at the mouth, her fangs bared, her eyes wild and unseeing–before falling back in a writhing pile. Bile rose in my throat. Who was this monster? â€Å"Get up.† Father dragged me to my feet. â€Å"Don’t you see, Stefan? Don’t you see her true nature?† I gazed down at Katherine. Her dark curls were matted to her forehead by sweat, her dark eyes were wide and bloodshot, her teeth were covered with foam, and her entire body was shaking. I didn’t recognize any part of her. â€Å"Go get Sheriff Forbes. Tell him we have a vampire.† I stood transfixed in horror, unable to take a step in any direction. My head pounded, my thoughts whirled in a confused tangle. I loved Katherine. Loved her. Right? So why now did this †¦ creature disgust me? â€Å"I did not raise my sons to be weak,† Father roared, shoving a bundle of vervain in my shirt pocket. â€Å"Now go!† My breath came in deep rasps. The heat was suddenly stifling, unbearable. I couldn’t breathe, couldn’t think, couldn’t do anything. All I knew was that I couldn’t stand being in that room for one second longer. Without a backward glance at my father or at the vampire writhing on the floor, I rushed out of the house, taking the steps three at a time, and raced for the road. How to cite Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 25, Essay examples

Analysis of Contemporary Mental Health Issues-myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theAnalysis of Contemporary Mental Health Issues. Answer: Mental health is one of the most challenging issues in contemporary days. The disease has the biggest impact on the life and lifestyle of the individual suffering from the illness. Mental health disorders range from mild to serious disturbances in the thought process and behavior pattern of the affected individuals. Mental illness has various forms, the common ones being disorder, dementia, schizophrenia and such others. It can be physical, emotional or psychological connoting to the cause of the illness. Impact of any incident, series of incidents, genetic disorders, environmental stress and others lead to mental disorders. Proper treatment and care helps the affected person to recover, but in many cases, the problem exists for life-long (Andrade et al., 2014). The essay studies the lived experiences of mentally affected patients and analyses the guidelines and implementations needed to deal with them. It explores the various ideas given by the National Recovery framework, rendering a detailed study of how the patients can be recovered from the illness through clinical as well as personal recovery measures. Experiences from the lived experience of Sandy Jeffs will be addressed throughout the essay to make it more detailed. Mental health illness has been a widespread issue affecting millions of people worldwide (Nolen Rector, 2015). The grievous condition of the problem is more understandable when one who is living with the illness is acknowledged. Analyzing the case of mental disorder, it is found that most of the patients suffer from psychotic illness or bipolar disorder. The rest are found to be living with severe anxiety or depression. Acknowledging the case of mental illness of Sandy Jeffs, a community educator who talks to people about how it feels to live with mental disorders herself has lived with Schizophrenia. The people living with the illness go through tragic conditions pertaining to physical illness, isolation from society, stigmatized and left to live a lonely life. Jeffs voices the need to socially include the affected people in order to make them feel one with the others, to have a community-based care along the treatment for the disorder (Caplan, 2013). She pens down the real emotion s and experiences one goes through being mentally affected. She presents her own traumatic journey as a patient of psychotic illness with a very positive note in her poems and claims them to be the write-ups that celebrate the survival of the mentally affected ones. Most of the people, mainly from the rural areas are devoid of proper treatment and left to stroll around on the streets. Therefore, as Jeffs mentions in her poems, there is an essential need of implementing measures and services by agencies to promote health care measures for the mentally affected patients in every part of the world. Mental health recovery does not parallel to the recovery a patient undergoes in case of any other physical illnesses (Berne, 2016). Recovery in mental illness cases require the focused concern for building resilience of people suffering from the illness. There are recovery models that initiate the different processes of recovery; however, hope is the ultimate guiding principle (Kukla, Salyers Lysaker, 2013). The belief that despite mental illness, one can have the possibility to restore back to a meaningful life serves to be the basic concept of recovery from the illness. It acts as a journey that tries to bring a meaning to the life of the person living with the illness. It commits to acknowledge the person as an entity and does not focus entirely on the mental illness. The entire process becomes futile without the role, support and positive attitude of the family and the people who are related to the patient. The process also tries to embrace and work with newer and more innovativ e means to cure the patients that they deal with. The main aim of the process is to make the patient look beyond his/her trouble in order to set and achieve their interests and dreams. The journey acts as a path of discovering ones own self with elevated values that ultimately foster personal growth of the individual. Psychiatry is the medical recovery process that developed focusing on the symptoms and the functioning of the patients. The treatment does not provide prescribed medicines to get results immediately. Rather the process requires assessments, interviews and measuring rating scales that monitor the patients and develop the psychopathological studies (Whiteford et al., 2014) There are various recovery tools that aim to increase a persons control over their life and activities. These tools emphasize to empower the patients so that they can improve their way of living and strive to fulfill what they wish for. They indulge in accommodating the main aspects of a persons life so that they feel the oneness that plays a very effective role to cure the problem. This involves relationships, living skills, interests, talents and skills, work, self-esteem and self-identity (Baum Neuberger, 2014). The Wellness Recovery Action Planning (WRAP), working in USA, Recovery Star, and Developing Recovery Enhancing Environments Measure (DREEM) are such tools working for the welfare os the mentally disturbed people in the different parts of the world. Mental asylums working is the various areas also try to adopt measures to provide care and cure to the people affected with mental health difficulties. Mental illness is one of the leading problems that have been common in most of the countries in todays world (Whiteford et al., 2013). According to surveys, one in every 5 Australians experience mental illness in a year, aged 16-85, which is mostly caused due to depressions, anxiety and drug use disorder (Jorm, 2014). With greater concern to the scenario, the release of the National recovery framework in Australia in March 2011 marks a historic moment in mental health services. It developed under the guidance of Mental Health , Drug, and Alcohol Principal Committee. The small movement got national recognition for the way it advocated the causes of the illness and implemented measures to deal with them. The guidelines given in the framework act as the basic principles for the practitioners and providers of mental health services. People who lived with the experience of mental illness and their families participated enormously in the processing of the framework. The framework proved be neficial and gathered huge collaborations, even from psychiatrists and volunteers of mental health illness across Australia. The key concept of the framework is to examine the lived experiences of the mentally challenged people, it has a holistic approach that considers the entire being and not just the illness. The framework emphasizes on supporting personal recovery of the people with proper care, concern and support of the family and relations (Pescosolido, 2013). It also fosters on developing the organizational structures and workforce who would be providing the services to the patients in a very friendly and committed way. The chief motive that the framework addresses to is including the affected person to be a part of the society, so that one does not feel lonely and alienated (Chronister, Chou Liao, 2013). The core culture of the measure is to be hopeful and optimistic in order to primarily believe that recovery from mental illness is possible. It lays down the definitions of the key concepts of recovery and its processes and services that give the basic idea of the entire study. The idea of opport unities, talents and leadership are also collaborated in the framework that needs to be imbibed in the patients enabling them to find out a meaning in their existence. The life circumstances of the person are taken into account; his/her socioeconomic status and culture are also analyzed to determine the root cause of the problem (Perry Pescosolido, 2015). It emphasizes on the preliminary need to make the individual feel to be a part of his/her community that serves as the basic of any mental illness treatment. The framework is developed so intrinsically that all the governments are trying to adopt the National framework in recent times to be followed by the providers of mental health services. Considering all the recovery programs and practices studied in the essay, there are certain implementations and requirements that serve as the basis of any recovery program to attain success (Slade et al., 2014). Connoting to Jeffs who has addressed her illness to be synonym of death, one can understand the enormous pain a person undergoes when he/she is suffering from the mental sickness. In the poem Medicated Jeffs gives an account of the huge medication that she was under treatment for years. The various medical processes that she addresses in the poem reflects her disgust for them. She asks the other mentally affected people to join her in the medication trolley and with a soul tired of the medication processes, she pens down her pain looking at the pill bottles in vain. She thus glorifies hope to be the sole motivator in overcoming the mental health problem and find the real meaning of life that is not limited to a sickness. In the poem ABC OPEN: Bearing witness from Speak Your Mind she has portrayed the extent to which a society eliminates the mentally suffering person. She stresses on the fact that though hope seemed to have abandoned her, she held on to it in a fumble manner looking beyond the hospitalizations that would paralyze her more. She claims that it was only the underlying hope in her that made her face the world and commemorated that it is ones own strategy to hold on to hope. Thus, the key factor of recovery process is in the faith that it is possible to cure a serious mentally ill person. Therefore, it can be analyzed that strong motivations from unending hope and self-management strategies imbibed in the patients would serve to be an effective recovery process (Yanos et al., 2015). All the processes must incorporate such faith in both their functioning as well as their patients to help them fight the disorders. From the above study, it can be analyzed that various strategies and programs in order to deal with the mental health problem. The illness is not a common one that can be healed with drugs and medicines. Rather, it is something that needs to be scrutinized and healed accordingly. Jeffs addresses various medicated processes in her poem Medicated. However, she also claims them to be futile unless there is hope as the key motivator for both the person suffering from the illness and the processes that are engaged for treating them. It is also essential to acknowledge that mental illness recovery is something that does not expect a total heal, rather it changes the way of life of the victim, making them a part of the society and enabling them to find out a meaning in their lives as well. Thus, to conclude a reiteration of the National framework can be made that suggests that it is the illness that must be treated and eliminated and not the person as a whole. References: Andrade, L. H., Alonso, J., Mneimneh, Z., Wells, J. E., Al-Hamzawi, A., Borges, G., ... Florescu, S. (2014). Barriers to mental health treatment: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys.Psychological medicine,44(6), 1303-1317. Baum, N., Neuberger, T. (2014). The contributions of persons in the work environment to the self?identity of persons with mental health problems: a study in Israel.Health social care in the community,22(3), 308-316. Berne, E. (2016).Transactional analysis in psychotherapy: A systematic individual and social psychiatry. Pickle Partners Publishing. Caplan, G. (Ed.). (2013).An approach to community mental health(Vol. 3). Routledge. Chronister, J., Chou, C. C., Liao, H. Y. (2013). The role of stigma coping and social support in mediating the effect of societal stigma on internalized stigma, mental health recovery, and quality of life among people with serious mental illness.Journal of Community Psychology,41(5), 582-600. Jorm, A. F. (2014). Why hasnt the mental health of Australians improved? The need for a national prevention strategy. Kukla, M., Salyers, M. P., Lysaker, P. H. (2013). Levels of patient activation among adults with schizophrenia: associations with hope, symptoms, medication adherence, and recovery attitudes.The Journal of nervous and mental disease,201(4), 339-344. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Rector, N. A. (2015).Abnormal psychology. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Perry, B. L., Pescosolido, B. A. (2015). Social network activation: the role of health discussion partners in recovery from mental illness.Social Science Medicine,125, 116-128. Pescosolido, B. A. (2013). The public stigma of mental illness: What do we think; what do we know; what can we prove?.Journal of Health and Social behavior,54(1), 1-21. Slade, M., Amering, M., Farkas, M., Hamilton, B., O'Hagan, M., Panther, G., ... Whitley, R. (2014). Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery?oriented practices in mental health systems.World Psychiatry,13(1), 12-20. Whiteford, H. A., Buckingham, W. J., Harris, M. G., Burgess, P. M., Pirkis, J. E., Barendregt, J. J., Hall, W. D. (2014). Estimating treatment rates for mental disorders in Australia.Australian Health Review,38(1), 80-85. Whiteford, H. A., Degenhardt, L., Rehm, J., Baxter, A. J., Ferrari, A. J., Erskine, H. E., ... Burstein, R. (2013). Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.The Lancet,382(9904), 1575-1586. Yanos, P. T., Lucksted, A., Drapalski, A. L., Roe, D., Lysaker, P. (2015). Interventions targeting mental health self-stigma: A review and comparison.Psychiatric rehabilitation journal,38(2), 171.